Ophthalmic manifestations of COVID-19 vaccines
Our experience
Keywords:
corneal graft rejection, COVID‑19 vaccine, COVID‑19, inactivated vaccine, mRNA vaccine, ophthalmic manifestations, SARS‑CoV‑2, vascular occlusion, vector based vaccineAbstract
Several COVID‑19 vaccines have been developed and approved for use around the world from December 2020, to combat the pandemic caused by the novel SARS‑CoV‑2 virus. Several ophthalmic manifestations of the COVID‑19 vaccines have been reported by ophthalmologists. This review was undertaken to recognize, encourage active reporting and determine the pathogenesis and time of appearance for better awareness and understanding of the ophthalmic manifestations of COVID‑19 vaccines. A literature search was performed for publications on the ophthalmic manifestations of COVID‑19 vaccines between January 1, 2021 and November 7, 2021. 23 case reports, 17 letters to editors, 3 ophthalmic images, 4 brief communications, 4 retrospective cohort studies and 2 case control studies were included. Posterior segment, including the uvea, choroid and retinal vasculature, was most commonly affected and the reported clinical features developed at a median of four days from the time of vaccination. The possible mechanisms include molecular mimicry of the vaccine components with host ocular tissues, antigen‑specific cell and antibody‑mediated hypersensitivity reactions to viral antigens and adjuvants present in the vaccines.
Downloads
References
Available from: https://covid19.who.int. [Last accessed on 2021 Oct 26].
Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019 ncov/ Vaccines/different vaccines/Moderna.html. [Last accessed on 2021 Oct 26].
Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/ draft landscape of covid 19 candidate vaccines. [Last accessed on 2021 Oct 26].
Available from: https://www.mohfw.gov.in/covid_vaccination/ vaccination/faqs.html#about the vaccine. [Last accessed on 2021 Oct 26].
Available from: https://covid19.trackvaccines.org/agency/ who/. [Last accessed on 2021 Nov 07].
Sen M, Honavar SG, Sharma N, Sachdev MS. COVID 19 and eye: A review of ophthalmic manifestations of COVID 19. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021;69:488 509.
7 Austria QM, Lelli GJ, Segal KL, Godfrey KJ. Transient eyelid edema following COVID 19 vaccination. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2021;37:501 2.
Mazzatenta C, Piccolo V, Pace G, Romano I, Argenziano G, Bassi A. Purpuric lesions on the eyelids developed after BNT162b2 mRNA COVID 19 vaccine: Another piece of SARS CoV 2 skin puzzle?. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021. doi: 10.1111/jdv. 17340.
9 Rallis KI, Ting DS, Said DG, Dua HS. Corneal graft rejection following COVID 19 vaccine. Eye 2021. doi: 10.1038/s41433 021 01671 2.
Abousy M, Bohm K, Prescott C, Bonsack JM, Rowhani Farid A, Eghrari AO. Bilateral EK rejection after COVID 19 vaccine. Eye Contact Lens 2021;47:625 8.
Phylactou M, Li JP, Larkin DF. Characteristics of endothelial corneal transplant rejection following immunisation with SARS CoV 2 messenger RNA vaccine. Br J Ophthalmol 2021;105:893 6.
Wasser LM, Roditi E, Zadok D, Berkowitz L, Weill Y. Keratoplasty rejection after the BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine. Cornea 2021;40:1070 2.
Ravichandran S, Natarajan R. Corneal graft rejection after COVID 19 vaccination. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021;69:1953 4.
Crnej A, Khoueir Z, Cherfan G, Saad A. Acute corneal endothelial graft rejection following COVID 19 vaccination. J Fr Ophtalmol 2021;44:e445 7.
Parmar DP, Garde PV, Shah SM, Bhole PK. Acute graft rejection in a high risk corneal transplant following COVID 19 vaccination: A case report. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021;69:3757 8.
Pichi F, Aljneibi S, Neri P, Hay S, Dackiw C, Ghazi NG. Association of ocular adverse events with inactivated COVID 19 vaccination in patients in Abu Dhabi. JAMA Ophthalmol 2021;139:1131 5.
Moorthy RS, MoorthyMS, Cunningham ET Jr. Drug induced uveitis. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2018;29:588 603.
Saraceno JJ, Souza GM, dos Santos Finamor LP, Nascimento HM, Belfort R. Vogt Koyanagi Harada syndrome following COVID 19 and ChAdOx1 nCoV 19 (AZD1222) vaccine. Int J Retina Vitreous 2021;7:49.
Koong LR, Chee WK, Toh ZH, Ng XL, Agrawal R, Ho SL. Vogt Koyanagi Harada disease associated with COVID 19 mRNA vaccine. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021:1 4. doi: 10.1080/09273948.2021.1974492.
Papasavvas I, Herbort CP. Reactivation of Vogt Koyanagi Harada disease under control for more than 6 years, following anti SARS CoV 2 vaccination. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 2021;11:21.
ElSheikh RH, Haseeb A, Eleiwa TK, Elhusseiny AM. Acute uveitis following COVID 19 vaccination. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021:1 3. doi: 10.1080/09273948.2021.1962917.
22 Jain A, Kalamkar C. COVID 19 vaccine associated reactivation of uveitis. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021;69:2899 900.
Renisi G, Lombardi A, Stanzione M, Invernizzi A, Bandera A, Gori A. Anterior uveitis onset after bnt162b2 vaccination: Is this just a coincidence?. Int J Infect Dis 2021;110:95 7.
Rabinovitch T, Ben Arie Weintrob Y, Hareuveni Blum T, Shaer B, Vishnevskia Dai V, Shulman S, et al. Uveitis following the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination against SARS CoV 2 infection: A possible association. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2021. doi: 10.1097/ IAE.0000000000003277.
Ishay Y, Kenig A, Tsemach Toren T, Amer R, Rubin L, Hershkovitz Y, et al. Autoimmune phenomena following SARS CoV 2 vaccination. Int Immunopharmacol 2021;99:107970.
Mudie LI, Zick JD, Dacey MS, Palestine AG. Panuveitis following vaccination for COVID 19. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021;29:741 2.
Goyal M, Murthy SI, Annum S. Bilateral multifocal choroiditis following COVID 19 vaccination. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021;29:753 7.
Pan L, Zhang Y, Cui Y, Wu X. Bilateral uveitis after inoculation with COVID 19 vaccine: A case report. Int J Infect Dis 2021;113:116 8.
Fowler N, Martinez NR, Pallares BV, Maldonado RS. Acute onset central serous retinopathy after immunization with COVID 19 mRNA vaccine. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2021;23:101136.
Bialasiewicz AA, Farah Diab MS, Mebarki HT. Central retinal vein occlusion occurring immediately after 2nd dose of mRNA SARS CoV 2 vaccine. Int Ophthalmol 2021;41:3889 92.
Endo B, Bahamon S, Martínez Pulgarín DF. Central retinal vein occlusion after mRNA SARS CoV 2 vaccination: A case report. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021;69:2865 6.
Goyal M, Murthy SI, Srinivas Y. Unilateral retinal vein occlusion in a young, healthy male following Sputnik V vaccination. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021;69:3793 4.
Mambretti M, Huemer J, Torregrossa G, Ullrich M, Findl O, Casalino G. Acute macular neuroretinopathy following coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021;29:730 3.
Patel SN, Yonekawa Y. Acute macular neuroretinopathy following SARS CoV 2 vaccination. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2021. doi: 10.1097/ ICB.0000000000001195.
Vinzamuri S, Pradeep TG, Kotian R. Bilateral paracentral acute middle maculopathy and acute macular neuroretinopathy following COVID 19 vaccination. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021;69:2862 4.
Book BA, Schmidt B, Foerster AM. Bilateral acute macular neuroretinopathy after vaccination against SARS CoV 2. JAMA Ophthalmol 2021;139:e212471.
Valenzuela DA, Groth S, Taubenslag KJ, Gangaputra S. Acute 3420macular neuroretinopathy following Pfizer BioNTech COVID 19
vaccination. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2021;24:101200.
Drüke D, Pleyer U, Hoerauf H, Feltgen N, Bemme S. Acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) following COVID 19 vaccination. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2021;24:101207.
Bøhler AD, Strøm ME, Sandvig KU, Moe MC, Jørstad ØK. Acute macular neuroretinopathy following COVID 19 vaccination [published online ahead of print, 2021 Jun 22]. Eye (Lond). 2021;1 2. doi:10.1038/s41433 021 01610 1
40 Michel T, Stolowy N, Gascon P, Dupessey F, Comet A, Attia R, et al. Acute macular neuroretinopathy after COVID 19 Vaccine. 2021. doi: 10.21203/rs. 3.rs 632137/v1.
Mishra SB, Mahendradas P, Kawali A, Sanjay S, Shetty R. Reactivation of varicella zoster infection presenting as acute retinal necrosis post COVID 19 vaccination in an Asian Indian male. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021:11206721211046485. doi: 10.1177/11206721211046485.
Maleki A, Look Why S, Manhapra A, Foster CS. COVID 19 recombinant mRNA vaccines and serious ocular inflammatory side effects: Real or coincidence? J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2021;16:490 501.
Carli G, Nichele I, Ruggeri M, Barra S, Tosetto A. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurring shortly after the second dose of mRNA SARS CoV 2 vaccine. Intern Emerg Med 2021;16:803 4.
Lee E J, Cines DB, Gernsheimer T, Kessler C, Michel M, Tarantino MD, et al. Thrombocytopenia following Pfizer and Moderna SARS CoV 2 vaccination. Am J Hematol 2021;96:534 7
Shah P, Zaveri JS, Haddock LJ. Acute macular neuroretinopathy following the administration of an influenza vaccination. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2018;49:e165 8.
Liu JC, Nesper PL, Fawzi AA, Gill MK. Acute macular neuroretinopathy associated with influenza vaccination with decreased flow at the deep capillary plexus on oct angiography. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2018;10:96 100.
Psichogiou M, Samarkos M, Mikos N, Hatzakis A. Reactivation of varicella zoster virus after vaccination for SARS CoV 2. Vaccines (Basel) 2021;9:572.
Cines DB, Bussel JB. SARS CoV 2 vaccine induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. N Engl J Med 2021;384:2254 6.
Jampol LM, Tauscher R, Schwarz HP. COVID 19, COVID 19 vaccinations, and subsequent abnormalities in the retina: Causation or coincidence?. JAMA Ophthalmol 2021;139:1135 6.
Leber HM, Sant’Ana L, Konichi da Silva NR, Raio MC, Mazzeo TJMM, Endo CM, et al. Acute thyroiditis and bilateral optic neuritis following SARS CoV 2 vaccination with CoronaVac: A case report. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021:1 7. doi: 10.1080/09273948.2021.1961815.
Santovito LS, Pinna G. Acute reduction of visual acuity and visual field after Pfizer BioNTech COVID 19 vaccine 2nd dose: A case report. Inflamm Res 2021;70:931 3.
J um ro e nd ar a ra s am e C , Pa n ya ko r n S , Oth o ng R , Jumroendararasame A, Srimanan W, Tipparut K. Transient visual field loss after COVID 19 vaccination: Experienced by ophthalmologist, case report. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2021;24:101212.
Pawar N, Maheshwari D, Ravindran M, Padmavathy S. Ophthalmic complications of COVID 19 vaccination. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021;69:2900 2.
Reyes Capo DP, Stevens SM, Cavuoto KM. Acute abducens nerve palsy following COVID 19 vaccination. J AAPOS 2021:S1091 8531 (21) 00109 9. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2021.05.003.
Pappaterra MC, Rivera EJ, Oliver AL. Transient Oculomotor Palsy Following the Administration of the Messenger RNA 1273Vaccine for SARS CoV 2 Diplopia Following the COVID 19 Vaccine. J Neuroophthalmol. 2021 Aug 4. doi: 10.1097/ WNO.0000000000001369. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34369471.
Shemer A, Pras E, Hecht I. Peripheral facial nerve palsy following BNT162b2 (COVID 19) vaccination. Isr Med Assoc J 2021;23:143 4.
Ish S, Ish P. Facial nerve palsy after COVID19 vaccination – A rare association or a coincidence. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021;69:2550 2.
Yu BY, Cen LS, Chen T, Yang TH. Bell’s palsy after inactivated COVID 19 vaccination in a patient with history of recurrent Bell’s palsy: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2021;9:8274 9.
Rodríguez Martín M, Corriols Noval P, López Simón E, Morales Angulo C. Ramsay Hunt syndrome following mRNA SARS COV 2 vaccine. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.eimce.2021.06.003.
Shemer A, Pras E, Einan Lifshitz A, Dubinsky Pertzov B, Hecht I. Association of COVID 19 vaccination and facial nerve palsy: A case control study. JAMA Otolaryngology Head Neck Surg 2021;147:739 43.
Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting FDA Briefing Document. Available from: https://www. fda.gov/media/144245/download. [Last accessed on 2021 Jun 26].
Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting. Downloaded from: https://www.fda.gov/media/144434/ download. [Last accessed on 2021 Jun 26].
Ozonoff A, Nanishi E, Levy O. Bell’s palsy and SARS CoV 2
vaccines. Lancet Infect Dis 2021;21:450 2.
Thunstedt DC, Straube A, Schöberl F. Isolated intracranial hypertension following COVID 19 vaccination: A case report. Cephalalgia Reports. 2021 Sep 9;4:25158163211044797.
Rubinstein TJ. Thyroid eye disease following COVID 19 vaccine in a patient with a history Graves’ disease: A case report. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2021;37:e221 3.
Chuang TY, Burda K, Teklemariam E, Athar K. Tolosa Hunt syndrome presenting after COVID 19 vaccination. Cureus 2021;13:e16791.
Bayas A, Menacher M, Christ M, Behrens L, Rank A, Naumann
M. Bilateral superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis, ischaemic stroke, and immune thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCoV 19 vaccination. Lancet 2021;397:e11.
Panovska Stavridis I, Pivkova Veljanovska A, Trajkova S, Lazarevska M, Grozdanova A, Filipche V. A Rare Case of Superior Ophthalmic Vein Thrombosis and Thrombocytopenia Following ChAdOx1 nCoV 19 Vaccine Against SARS CoV 2. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 2021;13(1):e2021048. Published 2021 Mar 1. doi:10.4084/MJHID.2021.048
Perry RJ, Tamborska A, Singh B, Craven B, Marigold R, Arthur Farraj P, Yeo JM, Zhang L, Hassan Smith G, Jones M, Hutchcroft
C. Cerebral venous thrombosis after vaccination against COVID 19 in the UK: a multicentre cohort study. The Lancet. 2021 Sep 25;398(10306):1147 56.
Kadali RA, Janagama R, Peruru S, Malayala SV. Side effects of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID 19 vaccine: A randomized, cross sectional study with detailed self reported symptoms from healthcare workers. Int J Infect Dis 2021;106:376 81.
Kadali RAK, Janagama R, Peruru S, Gajula V, Madathala RR, Chennaiahgari N, et al. Non life threatening adverse effects with COVID 19 mRNA 1273 vaccine: A randomized, cross sectional study on healthcare workers with detailed self reported symptoms. J Med Virol 2021;93:4420 9.
Ng XL, Betzler BK, Testi I, Ho SL, Tien M, Ngo WK, et al. Ocular adverse events after COVID 19 vaccination. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021:1 9. doi: 10.1080/09273948.2021.1976221.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2022 International journal of health sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles published in the International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS) are available under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Authors retain copyright in their work and grant IJHS right of first publication under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles in this journal, and to use them for any other lawful purpose.
Articles published in IJHS can be copied, communicated and shared in their published form for non-commercial purposes provided full attribution is given to the author and the journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
This copyright notice applies to articles published in IJHS volumes 4 onwards. Please read about the copyright notices for previous volumes under Journal History.
