HIV/AIDS: Current treatment protocols and long-term management: An updated review

‏Sahar Adi Albogamy; ‏Mohammed Abdullah AlZaher; Hussain Mahdi Aljawad; ‏Hala Abdulaziz Alzuhair; Amal Alhumidy Alenizi; ‏Abrar Fayadh Alshammari; Fouad Hamed Alamri

doi:10.53730/ijhs.v1nS1.15233

Authors

‏Sahar Adi Albogamy KSA, National Guard Health Affairs
‏Mohammed Abdullah AlZaher KSA, National Guard Health Affairs
Hussain Mahdi Aljawad KSA, National Guard Health Affairs
‏Hala Abdulaziz Alzuhair KSA, National Guard Health Affairs
Amal Alhumidy Alenizi KSA, National Guard Health Affairs
‏Abrar Fayadh Alshammari KSA, National Guard Health Affairs
Fouad Hamed Alamri KSA, National Guard Health Affairs

Keywords:

HIV, AIDS, antiretroviral therapy, long-term management, prevention strategies, neurocognitive disorders, cardiovascular disease

Abstract

Background: Since its emergence in 1981, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has led to approximately 35 million fatalities worldwide. Despite advancements in treatment, many individuals still lack access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Aim: This updated review explores current treatment protocols for HIV/AIDS, highlighting the importance of early ART initiation and long-term management strategies. Methods: The review synthesizes recent research findings and guidelines on HIV treatment, focusing on the structural biology of HIV, infection processes, clinical manifestations, prevention methods, and long-term health consequences of ART. Results: With ART, individuals can achieve a life expectancy comparable to HIV-negative individuals, although disparities persist between high-income and low- and middle-income countries. Furthermore, while ART reduces AIDS-related morbidity, it does not eliminate the risk of non-AIDS-related conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and neurocognitive disorders. Conclusion: Ongoing research is essential for optimizing ART regimens and managing long-term health issues in HIV-infected individuals. Comprehensive prevention strategies, early diagnosis, and access to ART are critical in the fight against HIV/AIDS. By addressing these aspects, healthcare systems can significantly improve health outcomes for those living with HIV.

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