The efficacy of fluoride and others in caries prevention
A systematic review
Keywords:
Dental caries, fluoride, caries prevention, fluoride varnish, water fluoridation, antimicrobial agents, sealantsAbstract
Background: Dental caries remains a significant public health issue, manifesting in various forms such as early childhood caries (ECC), primary caries, and root surface caries. It results from bacterial metabolism of dietary sugars leading to tooth enamel demineralization. While various preventive interventions, including fluoride and non-fluoride agents, have been employed, their efficacy varies and remains a subject of extensive research. Aim: This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of fluoride and other preventive measures in reducing dental caries and improving oral health outcomes across different populations and age groups. Methods: The review synthesizes evidence from clinical trials, observational studies, and public health reports on the effectiveness of fluoride varnishes, supplements, community fluoridation, sugar substitutes, sealants, and antimicrobial agents in caries prevention. Key variables include intervention types, dosage, application methods, and demographic variables. Results: Fluoride-based interventions, such as varnishes and water fluoridation, have demonstrated varying levels of effectiveness. Water fluoridation shows a 35% reduction in carious lesions in primary dentition and 26% in permanent teeth. Fluoride varnishes and supplements provide modest benefits, with fluoride toothpaste achieving a 24% reduction in caries. Antimicrobial agents and sealants also contribute to caries control, although their effectiveness is often context-dependent.
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