Advancements in macromolecular complexity and their implications for drug delivery systems
Keywords:
nanomedicine, drug delivery systems, macromolecular complexity, polymeric nanocarriers, controlled radical polymerization, click chemistryAbstract
Background: Nanomaterials have revolutionized drug delivery systems, offering enhanced efficacy, reduced side effects, and improved patient compliance. Recent advancements in nanomedicine have focused on increasing macromolecular complexity to develop more sophisticated therapeutic options. Aim: This review explores the evolution of nanotherapeutics, from simple linear structures to complex branched and hyperbranched architectures and examines their implications for future drug delivery systems. Methods: The review discusses various nanocarriers, including liposomes, polymeric nanocarriers, and colloidal suspensions, emphasizing the role of macromolecular complexity in improving drug delivery efficacy. Key chemical techniques for synthesizing these macromolecules, such as controlled radical polymerization and click chemistry, are also analyzed. Results: Advances in synthetic polymer chemistry have enabled the development of diverse macromolecular structures that enhance drug loading, stability, and controlled release. Liposomal technology, although highly effective, faces challenges such as drug leakage and immune response, leading to the exploration of synthetic polymers like PLGA and polymeric micelles. These innovations have improved the pharmacokinetic properties of drug delivery systems. Conclusion: Increasing macromolecular complexity in drug delivery systems holds significant potential for overcoming physiological barriers, optimizing therapeutic outcomes, and fulfilling the demand for multifunctional nanomedicine.
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