A comprehensive overview of drug delivery systems: Mechanisms, innovations, and future directions

Ibrahim Abdullah Hamzy; Abdulelah Ibrahim Alqhoson; Anas Mohammed Aljarbou; Mohammed Abdulrahman Alhajri

doi:10.53730/ijhs.v5nS1.15098

Authors

Ibrahim Abdullah Hamzy KSA, National Guard Health Affairs
Abdulelah Ibrahim Alqhoson KSA, National Guard Health Affairs
Anas Mohammed Aljarbou KSA, National Guard Health Affairs
Mohammed Abdulrahman Alhajri KSA, National Guard Health Affairs

Keywords:

Drug delivery systems, oral drug delivery, parenteral drug delivery, transdermal delivery, pulmonary drug delivery, nanotechnology, gene therapy, localized drug delivery

Abstract

Background: Drug delivery systems (DDS) are critical in enhancing the efficacy and safety of therapeutic agents by controlling their release rate, timing, and location. This comprehensive review covers various DDS mechanisms, innovations, and future directions. Aim: The aim of this article is to provide an in-depth overview of the different drug delivery routes, mechanisms, and technologies. It highlights advancements and future prospects in DDS to improve patient outcomes and treatment efficacy. Methods: The review synthesizes information from recent advancements and innovations in DDS. It evaluates various drug delivery routes including oral, parenteral, transdermal, transmucosal, pulmonary, and localized methods, as well as emerging technologies such as nanotechnology and advanced drug carriers. Results: Key findings indicate significant progress in DDS technologies. Oral drug delivery continues to face challenges such as variable absorption and first-pass metabolism, while parenteral methods offer rapid onset but suffer from patient discomfort. Transdermal and transmucosal systems show promise for improving drug efficacy and patient compliance. Pulmonary drug delivery has advanced with the development of new formulations and devices, and localized delivery methods are improving targeted treatment for cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Innovations such as nanotechnology and engineered bacteria are emerging as transformative solutions for more effective drug delivery.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Jain KK (2019) Transdermal drug delivery: technologies, markets and companies. Jain PharmaBiotech Publications, Basel, pp 1–300

Donnelly RF, Garland MJ, Alkilani AZ (2014) Microneedle-iontophoresis combinations for enhanced transdermal drug delivery. Methods Mol Biol 1141:121–132 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0363-4_7

Jain KK (2019) Role of nanobiotechnology in drug delivery. In: Jain KK (ed) Drug delivery systems, 3rd edn. Humana Springer, New York, NY DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9798-5_2

Singh RM, Kumar A, Pathak K (2013) Mucoadhesive in situ nasal gelling drug delivery systems for modulated drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 10:115–130 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1517/17425247.2013.746659

Abramson A, Caffarel-Salvador E, Khang M et al (2019) An ingestible self-orienting system for oral delivery of macromolecules. Science 363:611–615 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau2277

Brayden DJ, Baird AW (2019) Stomaching drug delivery. N Engl J Med 380:1671–1673 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcibr1901766

Jain KK (2011) Applications of biotechnology in cardiovascular therapeutics. Springer Science, New York, NY DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-240-3

Jain KK (2019) Cardiovascular drug delivery: technologies, markets and companies. Jain PharmaBiotech Publications, Basel, pp 1–277

Jain KK (ed) (2010) Drug delivery to the central nervous system. Humana/Springer, New York, NY DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-529-3

Jain KK (2013) Applications of biotechnology in neurology. Springer, New York, NY DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-272-8

Jain KK (2019) Drug delivery in CNS disorders: technologies, markets and companies. Jain PharmaBiotech Publications, Basel, pp 1–384

De Andres J, Rubio-Haro R, De Andres-Serrano C et al (2019) Intrathecal drug delivery. In: Methods in molecular biology, 3rd edn. Springer, New York, NY DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9798-5_3

Majumder P (2018) Integrin-mediated delivery of drugs and nucleic acids for anti-angiogenic cancer therapy: current landscape and remaining challenges. Bioengineering (Basel) 5(4):E76 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering5040076

Cronin M, Akin AR, Collins SA et al (2012) High resolution in vivo bioluminescent imaging for the study of bacterial tumour targeting. PLoS One 7:e30940 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030940

Xiao H, Woods EC, Vukojicic P, Bertozzi CR (2016) Precision glycocalyx editing as a strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113:10304–10309 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1608069113

Jain KK (2019) Gene therapy: technologies, markets and companies. Jain PharmaBiotech Publications, Basel, pp 1–777

Farra R, Sheppard NF Jr, McCabe L et al (2012) First-in-human testing of a wirelessly controlled drug delivery microchip. Sci Transl Med 4(122):122ra21 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3003276

Nguyen NT, Shaegh SA, Kashaninejad N, Phan DT (2013) Design, fabrication and characterization of drug delivery systems based on lab-on-a-chip technology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 65:1403–1419 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2013.05.008

Castle J, Kotopoulis S, Forsberg F (2019) Microbubble drug delivery for pancreatic cancer. In: Methods in molecular biology, 3rd edn. Springer, New York, NY

Jain, K. K. (2020). An overview of drug delivery systems. Drug delivery systems, 1-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9798-5_1